The October 12 holiday in Spain: National Day and its significance

October 12 is one of the most important holidays in Spain, celebrated as National Day (Spanish: Fiesta Nacional de España) and Columbus Day (Día de la Hispanidad). It's a moment when Spaniards around the world celebrate their heritage, culture and shared history, related to the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus in 1492.

History and meaning of the holiday

The October 12 holiday refers directly to the date when Christopher Columbus, on behalf of the Kingdom of Castile, first reached the new land - the island of in the archipelago of the Bahamas. This event had huge consequences for world history, leading to the era of colonialism and intense contact between Europe, the Americas and the rest of the globe.

In 1918, the day was established as an official holiday to celebrate both Columbus' discoveries and the shared values of Spanish-speaking countries. Over the years it has changed its form and name, but today it is known primarily as National Day of Spain and Día de la Hispanidad, which emphasizes Spain's historical and cultural ties with Latin American countries.

Celebrations throughout Spain

National Day celebrations are official and a spectacular event throughout the country, especially in Madrid, where a central military parade is held with the participation of the Spanish royal family and top government officials. The military parade brings together both the military and civilian services, and an integral part is the flight of a squadron of fighter jets that color the sky in Spain's national colors of red and yellow.

For many Spaniards, it is also an opportunity to reflect on their national identity, past country and its place in today's world. Cities and towns host a variety of festivals, artistic performances, as well as cultural and religious events. It is a day off from work, which encourages a family atmosphere and communal celebration.

Controversy surrounding the holiday

Although October 12 is an official national holiday, there is no shortage of controversy surrounding its celebration, especially in a historical context. In some parts of Spain, such as Catalonia and the Basque Country, the holiday is met with less enthusiasm and even opposition, due to the on the independence aspirations of these regions. For many, the discovery of America is also associated with the difficult history of colonialism, which led to the enslavement and suffering of millions of indigenous people in the New World.

In Latin America, especially in countries such as Mexico, Bolivia and Peru, the anniversary of the discovery of America is often an occasion for protests and reminders of the injustices resulting from European colonization.

The October 12 holiday is an important moment in Spain's calendar that reminds us of historical events that have affected the entire world. Although in Spain the celebrations are joyous and patriotic, with no shortage of reflections on the difficult aspects associated with colonialism. For Poles living in Spain, this is a unique opportunity to better understand the country that is becoming their second home, and to join in local traditions and celebrations.